Syllabus →

Endsem Pyqs →

To determine the output expression \( Y \) for the given ladder logic diagrams, let's analyze each circuit:

Diagram (i):

1. The top parallel branch consists of:
   • A series connection of contacts \( A \) and \( B \).
   • Another series connection of contacts \( A \) and \( B \) in parallel with the first series connection.
2. The bottom series branch consists of:
   • Contacts \( C \), \( D \), and \( E \) in series.
3. These two branches are in parallel, and their combination determines the output \( Y \).

Logic Analysis:

• The top branch (parallel) can be simplified as \( A \cdot B \) OR \( A \cdot B \) = \( A \cdot B \).
• The bottom branch (series) is \( C \cdot D \cdot E \).
• These two branches are in parallel, so the final expression is the OR operation between the two branches.

Output expression for (i):

\[ Y = (A \cdot B) + (C \cdot D \cdot E) \]

Diagram (ii):

1. The first part of the ladder consists of:
   • Contacts \( A \), \( B \), \( C \), and \( D \) in series.